Affections Longue Durée translation

[Nickel]

1)  Accident Vasculaire Cérébral Invalidant

1) Cerebral Ischemic accidents from whatever cause

2) Cerebral Thrombosis /Embolism- i.e blood clot - STROKE

3) Cerebral Haemorrhage i.e bleed into brain - STROKE

Resulting in a serious prolonged neurological disorder.

*However, in less serious cases following prolonged "re-education " the exemption may be withdrawn, but it may still be possible to claim exemption if there is an another  underlying  ALD cause e.g Diabetes.

2) Aplasie Médullaire

Bone Marrow Aplasia

1) Acquired   - Primary           ( unknown cause)

                        Secondary e.g     infection

2) Genetic        e.g   Fanconi's anaemia

*Acquired aplasias when treated can regress and then exemption will no longer be granted.

*others due, for example to cancer, will be included under ALD "Tumeurs malignes" and will be exempt.

 

I would be happy to carry on with the other 28 ALDs  if people are interested? or is it too detailed ?

[AnOther]

Go for it [:D]

[Nickel]

3)  Artériopathie chronique et évolutive ( y compris coronarienne) avec manifestations cliniques ischémiques

Chronic progressive Peripheral Artery Disease  ( including coronary artery disease) with clinical evidence of ischaemia

Ischaemia is "the absolute or relative loss of blood supply to a tissue"

*As this is a common disease process there are several categories but to claim any exemption it would be necessary to show clinical evidence of ischaemia

1) Chronic PAD of lower limbs - usually due to atheroma ( plaque or thrombus) in the femoral artery at the top of the leg this can cause intermittent pain (claudication) - constant pain -and may result in tissue damage - ulceration.

2) Coronary Artery Disease  Unstable angina with or without risk factors (smoking/obesity/ raised cholesterol etc) with clinical evidence of ischaemia ( angiography etc)

3) Symptomatic aortic aneurysms.

4) Pulmonary Artery Hypertension

4) Bilharziose compliquée

Bilharziasis -Schistosomiasis   Parasitic disease caused by a flatworm.

*The primary infection is now readily treated and is excluded from exemption - only the complications allow any exemption but this is unlikely to be of concern on this forum.

[cooperlola]

This is great, Nickel.  Can we nick it for the site when you've done?... [Www]

[ebaynut]

[quote user="Nickel"]

I would be happy to carry on with the other 28 ALDs  if people are interested? or is it too detailed ?

[/quote]

This is excellent Nickel, please do carry on [:D]

[Nickel]

[quote user="cooperlola"]This is great, Nickel.  Can we nick it for the site when you've done?... [Www][/quote]

 

If I ever get there --- 4 down 26 to go !!!

[Nickel]

5) Cardiopathie congénitale mal tolérée , insuffisance cardiaque grave et valvulopathie grave

Congenital Heart Disease, Severe Cardiac Insufficiency or Heart Failure, Severe Heart Valve defects

1) Congenital Heart Disease - Structural defects of the heart and heart related blood vessels ( aorta, pulmonary artery) causing a malfunction of the heart. There are those that cause "cyanosis" i.e "blue" colour because the defect allows deoxygenated blood to pass round the body. They are diagnosed in infancy and are all exempt.

*"Hole in the heart" all ventricular defects are exempt.

*Some mild atrial defects either surgically corrected or not, as long as no residual problems exist are NOT exempt.

*Mild Pulmonary stenoses  are NOT exempt

It seems in general if the defect causes symptoms it will be exempt

2) Severe Cardiac Insufficiency - Heart failure - The "severity" of the condition relies on  a classification by the New York Heart Association, taking into account response to physical exercise,breathlessness,palpitations and this decides whether there is exemption or not. If the signs of heart failure diminish no longer requiring medication or strict surveillance then it is no longer exempt.

3) Severe Heart Valve Defects - All heart valve defects carry an exemption - UNLESS in the mild cases where physical exertion does not provoke tiredness, palpitations or dyspnoea ( problems with breathing) this type of lesion may be seen on an ultrasound examination.

All patients having surgical treatment of their heart valves are exempt, including any treatment for prophylaxis against infection and any anticoagulant therapy.

 

 

 

[cooperlola]

Thanks, Nickel!

[IMG]http://i134.photobucket.com/albums/q103/cooperlola/gallatieres04toapril05047.jpg[/IMG]

See what I mean?

[Nickel]

Ah Bless   Not going to be 8 years old next week by any chance???

[cooperlola]

Nope, ten in May.  And he has bits that yours does not (and vice versa, I guess!)

[Nickel]

6) Maladies chroniques actives du foie et cirrhoses

Chronic Active Liver Disease and Cirrhosis

Chronic active liver disease - serious disorder that may progress to Cirrhosis

Causes - excessive alcohol intake, infection with Viruses - Hepatitis B / Hepatitis C, certain metabolic disorders ( e.g Wilson's Disease)

Biliary cirrhosis. Genetic disorders.

"chronic" refers to a duration of 6 months of persistant abnormal biological findings.

Cirrhosis - Replacement of liver tissue by scar tissue leading to progressive loss of liver function ( generally irreversible)

Those conditions  likely to cause "portal hypertension" ( raised blood pressure in the liver veins) and/or liver failure and requiring long term treatment are exempt!

* there are pages and pages on liver diseases - but the chronic ones including cirrhosis all seem to be exempt. 

 

 

 

[AnOther]

I'm sure we'll all be hypochondriacs by the end. Don't busta blood vessel but do keep 'em coming please [:D]

[Nickel]

7) Déficit immunitaire primitif grave nécessitant un traitement prolongé et infection par le virus de l'immuno-déficience humaine

Primary Immunodeficiency disorders requiring prolonged treament and Infection with Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV)

1) Primary Immunodeficiency disorders are usually genetic so often diagnosed at an early age. Part of the immune system is lacking or not functioning correctly. Infections occur early, as may auto-immune diseases ( where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues.)

There is a vast range of very well documented disorders from severe to mild requiring a wide range of treatment from stem cell transplant to antibiotics.

* Much progress has been made in the treament of these disorders - exemption may be given, renewable at 2 yearly intervals depending on progress.

* Some "minor" disorders do not seem to attract any exemption

2) Infection with Human Immuno-deficiency Virus HIV Infection. Exemption is granted following seropositive diagnosis. Exemption is also given for 2 years to a child born to a seropositive mother.

May of course lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - AIDS,  if one or more  - from a list of 20 or so specific pathologies is also present.

 

[Nickel]

8) Diabète insulo-dépendant ou non-insulo-dépendant ne pouvant être équilibré par le seul régime

Insulin Dependent Diabetes Type 1 - Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Type 2

They are now simply referred to as Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes ( also in France)

Type 1 Diabetes - usually  diagnosed in childhood and adolescence occurs because the pancreas is producing too little or no insulin.

Accounts for approx 10% of diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes - usually diagnosed after the age of 40 ( although seen now in younger age groups) and more common in overweight people. Insulin may still be produced but the cells become resistant to its effect. Accounts for approx 90% of diabetes.

The initial treatment for Type 2 is to follow a diet (weight loss) and exercise as this can stabilize sugar levels, exemption may not therefore be granted during this early stage of the disease.

Type 1 and established Type 2 both have exemption and due to the large range of other conditions that may arise secondary to the diabetes (eyes /blood vessels /neurological problems /increased incidence of infections etc) these treatments  may also be exempt.

Some other conditions may lead to diabetes (Secondary Diabetes) e.g pancreatic disease / Endocrine disorders/ Steroid medication etc.

This will also gain exemption.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[Nickel]

9) Forme grave d'une affection neuromusculaire (dont Myopathie)

Severe neuromuscular disorders ( including myopathies)

A somewhat disparate group

1) Primary muscular disorders - myopathies - particularly the muscular dystrophies

2) Myaesthenias

3) Peripheral Nervous System diseases -   Polyneuritis, Multiple neuritis, degenerative neuropathies and a number of specific syndromes.

4) Neurodegenerative diseases - e.g Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Syringomyelia

5) Hereditary Ataxias - conditions causing progressive loss of coordination, speech etc e.g Friedreich's Ataxia

6) Severe Epilepsy - exemption depending on criteria such as - number/frequency of seizures, whether controlled by one or more medications and how the ability to -work/drive/ participate in sports and everyday living may be affected.

*A very large group of disorders with symptoms ranging from mild to severe, exemption is given accordingly.  

 

[Nickel]

10) Hémoglobinopathie homozygote

Homozygotic Haemoglobinopathies

Range of genetically inherited disorders of Haemoglobin

Thalassaemia and Sickle Cell Anaemia

The pattern of inheritance determines the severity of the condition - If one normal "gene" and one defective "gene" are inherited the result can be benign - if two defective "genes" are inherited (homozygotic) then the disease will be severe and gain exemption.

 

11) Hémophilie

Haemophilia -Genetically inherited disorder of blood coagulation

Several types depending on which of the factors necessary for clotting are affected.

Sex-linked so females carry the disease and males are affected. Some spontaneous haemophilias can occur.

Also included are some other diseases of clotting mechanism e.g Von Willebrands disease

*These are all exempt.

 

[Nickel]

12) Hypertension artérielle sévère

Severe (arterial) Hypertension

There are strict clinical guidlines for the measurement of blood pressure in order to claim exemption.

There have to be 2 out of 3 conditions present

1) Arterial pressure of 180/105 taken at 3 successive consultations with or without other clinical signs

2) Arterial pressure  above 140/90 ( but below 180/105) over several successive consultations WITH associated clinical signs such as abnormalities of an ECG,  ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial ischaemia, retinal haemorrhages etc.

3) Continuous  anti- hypertensive medication at least 2 types for at least 3 months

*exemption can be renewed over the course of the disease.

 

 

 

[Nickel]

13) Infarctus du Myocarde datant de moins de 6 mois

Myocardial infarction (Heart Attack) dating less than 6 months

Exemption if clinical diagnoses is supported by confirmation of tissue necrosis (death) by means of ECH /Echocardiography and enzyme analysis.

Exemption is for 6 months from date of infarct and may be renewed once.

* Due to the possible effects after a heart attack exemption may be granted because other ALDs come in to play e.g coronary insufficiency and ischaemia. Heart failure etc etc.

 

 

[Nickel]

14) Insuffisance repiratoire chronique grave

Severe Chronic Respiratory Disease.

Many disease processes can result in chronic respiratory disease (diseases of the airways and structures of the lung).

Apart from any severe clinical picture there are strict criteria which are to be met to gain exemption. These include  analysis of the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. Results of Pulmonary ( Lung) Functions Test - spirometry.

*e.g Asthma - Must show 1)Permanent clinical evidence of dyspnoea ( difficulty in breathing). 2)Persistent evidence of obstruction even under treatment. and 3) requiring prolonged daily medication ( bronchodilators.)

Severe but short-lived episodes e.g following trauma/operations are not included nor are some chronique broncho-pulmonary infections unless they fall into the above criteria.

[Nickel]

15) Lèpre

Leprosy or Hansen's Disease

Chronic Infectious disease caused by a bacterium. 2 forms - Paucibacillary and Multibacillary.

Enormous progress has been made in the elimination of Leprosy thanks to mutli drug therapy

Exempt.

[Nickel]

Half Way Yipppeeeeee!!!!!!!!!!

 

[AnOther]

Still here and still appreciating your efforts [:D]

[Nickel]

16) Maladie de Parkinson

Parkinson's Disease. A degenerative disorder of the central nervous system comprising  Tremor - Rigidity - Akinesia (slow/absence of movement) and Postural Instability   " TRAP".   Diagnosis based on medical history and neurological examination.

1-2% of people over 65

In mild cases there may be only minor motor disruptions whilst in others there may be severe disability.

No cure but effective antiparkinson's medication plus many other regimes ( yoga, tai chi, Alexander lessons, speech therapy etc etc) 

Exemption is granted according to the severity of the condition - in mild cases, well controlled on antiparkinson medication  they may be no exemption.

In rapidly developing Parkinson's with incapacity, requiring  increasing medication and support,  exemption will be granted.

 

 

 

 

 

[Nickel]

17) Maladies métaboliques héréditaires nécessitant un traitement prolongé spécialisé.

Hereditary metabolic diseases requiring long term specialist treatment.

This group concerns "monogenic" inherited diseases - i.e where there is only one defective gene, for the disease to be apparent it is usually transmitted as an autosomal recessive ( each parent transmits  a defective gene)

This is a large group of rare disorders all relating to disorders of metabolism

e.g metabolism of proteins, lipids, haemoglobin, metals, hormones etc etc

Exempt but subject to frequent reviews to assess progress  

 

 

[Nickel]

18) Mucoviscidose

Cystic Fibrosis or Mucoviscoidosis.

It is an  autosomal recessive inherited  disease of the mucus and sweat glands causing progressive disability.  Can be diagnosed prior to birth  or by a sweat test or genetic testing . Affects pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, liver, lungs  Mucus is thick and sticky allowing recurrent breathing problems and chest infections. Progresses to eventual lung failure. Treatments have improved with life expectancy now in the 30s.

Once diagnosis is confirmed  exemption is granted ( diagnosis may not be made in milder cases until adolescence )