Thanks for your reply (and the others). I have not tackled him about the invoice yet. My initial reaction was that it was a complete rip off, based on the other work he has done over the last 6 years (including exactly the same job at our previous house in the same village). It is often best to sit back and take a more balanced view of things after the initial shock of receiving the invoice, rather than responding immediately and falling out. As we are neighbours in the same village, we have to get along. I think you have hit the nail on the head, in that previous jobs were always for cash, but this one is going through his business (which he formed probably 18 months ago). From what you all tell me, there are lots of costs involved with running a business in France. I never intended doing anything other than paying him in full, and that is what I shall now do. If he does any future work for us I will now, of course insist on un devis. Thanks again, Denbag